Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and Science Fiction

Argumentative Synthesis Between Ryfle and Sontag Many differences can be seen between Steve Ryfle’s article â€Å"Godzilla’s Footprint† and Susan Sontag’s well known 1965 article â€Å"Imagination of Disaster† as Ryfle talks about the Japanese’s imagination perspective while Sontag talks about the American imagination perspective of there view points on science fiction films. Furthermore, Ryfle takes an intensive approach toward Godzilla has he provides evidence that advances his argument with the help of Susan Napier’s article â€Å"Panic Sites† where she demonstrated key points toward Japanese science fiction films and relate to Ryfle’s point of view. Whereas the famous Feminist write of the 1950’s and 60’s, Sontag disagrees with Ryfle on his idea and†¦show more content†¦Many Japanese viewers went and watched the movie, leaving the theatre in tears due to the scenes relating so vividly to the events that occurred. One such occurrence included t he lucky dragon incident, which involved a tuna trawler that trekked dangerously close to an H-bomb test site, resulting in radiation poisoning to the crew members. Along with this imagery, a still illustration of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in ashes after being hit by Godzilla symbolizes the attack of atomic bombs by the Americans. This visual resembles how both cities looked after they had been attacked by the atomic bombs. After the successful release of the film, Japanese critics accused the directors of cashing in on national hysteria, and thus were not pleased. To support Ryfle’s argument, Susan Napier partially agrees with what Ryfle has to say in her article, â€Å"Panic Sites,† by stating that â€Å"the notion of disaster is of course not the only theme in Japanese science fiction† (Napier 330)—meaning that the aesthetic concentration of disaster is not always praising the special effects but moreover looking at the effects of disaster. Furthermore, she states, â€Å"The film offered its immediate post war Japanese audience an experience that was both cathartic and compensatory, allowing them to rewrite or at least to re-imagine their wartime experience† (Napier 330). They both conclude that certain science fiction movies have intensive dramatics as well as something important toShow MoreRelatedAtomic Bombs Were Dropped On The Japanese Cities Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1459 Words   |  6 Pages Two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August of 1945. This decision brought about many consequences on both Americans and Japanese. By the 1940s the creation of atomic weaponry became possible â€Å"because of Italian scientists Enrico Fermi’s discovery of the radioactivity of uranium in the 1930s† (Brinkley 638). Eventually this spread to the United States, and it was undertaken by military. President Harry Truman â€Å"issued an ultimatum to the Japanese, demandingRead M oreOur Cultural Fascination With The Undead1756 Words   |  8 Pagesin 1968. Romero has been nicknamed the â€Å"Godfather of the Undead.† Some other works of fiction and film to note include 28 Days Later, I am Legend, Pride and Prejudice Zombies and The Zombie Survival Guide, also by Max Brooks. Our cultural fascination with â€Å"the return of the dead† can be traced back to the events and the general morale leading up to World War Two, and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement that stretched roughly from theRead MoreThe Movie War Games 1556 Words   |  7 Pagesanything from their mistake, despite having dropped the atomic bomb and knowing its effects on Japan and its people. The film â€Å"War Games† is a 1983 cold war science-fiction film directed by John Badham. In the film, a teenage boy named David along with his friend Jennifer hacks into a computer game. They begin to play this game called â€Å"Global Thermonuclear war† where they get to choose whether to bomb the USA or Russia. They begin bombing the USA and without realizing it, access the ‘War OperationRead MoreProgress— A Word That Has Become More Than Familiar, Especially1902 Words   |  8 Pagesmonster— Godzilla (Gojira). In the introduction of â€Å"Japan’s Nuclear Nightmare: How the Bomb Became a Beast Called Godzilla,† Peter H. Brothers, a science fiction film and book reviewer, asserts that the movie deals with a â€Å"pertinent and real† issue. He further argues that the â€Å"reptilian monster stands as an enduring symbol of [people tampering] with science.† The film, while created nearly sixty-five years ago, still remai ns relevant today in many ways. The monster, Gojira, is a direct representationRead MoreThe Call Of Cthulhu Or A Portent Of Nuclear Destruction1414 Words   |  6 PagesThe Call of Cthulhu or a Portent of Nuclear Destruction Howard Phillip Lovecraft died in 1937 nearly a decade before the advent of the atomic bomb and the start of the nuclear age which brought a new sense of fear and paranoia that lasts to this day. Is it possible that within his works of science fiction and horror he, without knowing or realizing it, foresaw the coming of this new terror before it entered the minds of man? Could the titular creature in â€Å"The Call of Cthulhu† be a monstrous personificationRead MoreBilly Pilgrims Presentations of Metal Illness in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse Five1286 Words   |  5 PagesPost-Traumatic-Stress-Disorder is a psychological disorder that is formed after a traumatic incident, for many patients it is some event related to war, but is not exclusive to war. Billy has undergone many traumatic experiences in his lifetime: the bombing of Dresden, the plane crash he survived and his life as a Prisoner of War. Many people associate PTSD with war veterans, but Billy never experi enced a personality change after the war and his experiences as a POW, however Billy changed drasticallyRead MoreThe Literary And Pop Culture Vampire Of The 1950s1448 Words   |  6 Pagesdetonating the first atomic bombs in 1945, it established a sense of world power and intimidation. However, the United States’ monopoly on nuclear weapons came to an end in 1949. The Soviets were now on the same level, they successfully developed a hydrogen bomb. (see nuclear weapons timeline, http://www.icanw.org/the-facts/the-nuclear-age/; accessed December 10, 2016) Matheson illustrates a potential real-life scenario where human beings could wipe themselves out from their own science and creation. TheRead MoreCold War in the Eyes of Ray Bradbury1689 Words   |  7 Pagesand consumed by the nature it resisted. Bradbury used science fantasy to analyze humans themselves and the â€Å"frontiersman attitude† of destroying the very beauty they find by civilizing it. When referring to the Cold War Novels of Bradbury (The Martian Chronicles and Fahrenheit 451) it is imperative to understand his mode of thinking during the time. Bradbury first captures the general sense of anxiety, as well as his own, felt in a new atomic age, in the fifth chapter of The Martian Chronicles, TheRead More The Thought-experiments in Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse Five or the Childrens Crusade: A Duty Da3375 Words   |  14 PagesThe Thought-experiments in Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse Five or the Childrens Crusade: A Duty Dance With Death In 1945 Kurt Vonnegut witnessed a horrific series of bombings that led to the destruction of the German city of Dresden, where he was taken as a prisoner of war. The controversial fire-storm raid, carried out by bombers of the Royal Air Force and US Air Force, took casualties of up to a quarter million people (Klinkowitz x-xi). As a prisoner of war, Vonnegut was forced to participateRead MorePostmodernism in Literature5514 Words   |  23 Pagesnovelists he often criticized. Surrealist Rene Magrittes experiments with signification are used as examples by Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault. Foucault also uses examples from Jorge Luis Borges, an important direct influence on many Postmodernist fiction writers. He is occasionally listed as a Postmodernist though he started writing in the 1920s. The influence of his experiments with metafiction and magical realism was not fully realized until the postmodern period.[2] Comparisons with modernist

A Brief Note On Health And Public Agencies - 903 Words

There is a correlation between quality and cost in healthcare in the United States (U.S.). The World Health Organization ranked the sovereign countries in the world for having an efficient and effective healthcare system (World Health Organization [WHO], 2009). From this chart, it is evident that the United States is in the 37th rank which is exceptionally low for a first world country. According to the Commonwealth foundation, the United States, in 2011 had the highest health expenditures per capita averaging at 8,508 dollars (Mahon Fox, 2014). This shows that the cost does not aid quality. About 30% to 40% of the U.S. expenditure in the healthcare goes wasted as it was to provide inefficient and low-quality services (Denisco Barker, 2013). The U.S. has its healthcare expenditure owned and operated predominantly by the private sources (American Hospital Association [AHA], 2014). Roles and Activities of Private and Public Agencies The U.S. healthcare sector is primarily led by private agencies. One such agency is the Center for Health Care Strategies (CHCS). They focus on individuals who need complex and high-cost needs. CHCS supports the states that joined with them, in designing and implementing a comprehensive multi-payer delivery system and payment reforms. CHCS makes the advancing innovations in the field available for the people with specialized needs, even for those in the Medicare and Medicaid programs (Center for Health Care Strategies [CHCS], 2015). TheShow MoreRelatedThe Centers Of Disease Control And Prevention856 Words   |  4 PagesThe Centers of Disease Control and Prevention also known as the CDC is the leading federal agency that provides information in all areas of health and safety. The CDC has been at the forefront in numerous areas of medical research and has now taking on the role of providing information about Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder commonly known as ADHD. There are a variety of neurodevelopment disorders, and ADHD is considered to be the most common even though it was first documented in 1902. TheRead MoreDefense Against Terrorism1661 Words   |  7 PagesIn the years following the September 11th terrorist attacks, homeland security has been at the forefront of American public policy. According to a January 2015 Pew Research poll, seventy-five percent of Americans believe that protecting the Homeland against terrorism should be the number one priority for policy makers (Pew Research Center 2015). These sentiments on homeland security are not novel to Americans. National Security has been of great concern to Americans since World War I (Reid 2015)Read MoreCUSTOMER SERVICE PLAN SAMPLE Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesName] [Insert Department Logo] Customer Service Plan [Insert Date] This template includes directions and examples. Please remove all text in italics and replace with content for your Department’s customer service plan. Please note that the total length of your plan should be approximately ten pages. Executive Summary The Executive Summary should be 1-1.5 pages. In this section, provide an overview of the purpose of the document, that it was required by Executive OrderRead MoreThe Supreme Court Of Public Health Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesCourt in Public Health: As Teitelbaum, Wilensky, (2013) indicated the, policy powers in the context of public health include all laws and regulations directly or indirectly intended to reduce morbidity and premature mortality in the population (Teitelbaum, Wilensky, 2013, p. 43). The judicial has important role concerning public health. The Court decide whether a public health statute or policy is constitutional, whether agency action is authorized legislatively, and whether agency officialsRead MoreRegulatory Changes in Direct-To-Consumer Marketing of Pharmaceuticals1399 Words   |  6 Pagespharmaceuticals has grown increasingly in the past decade. The American public views prescription drug advertising for a wide range of medical conditions, including high cholesterol, depression, allergies, and erectile dysfunction. The Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the content of these advertisements. Critics also have taken the position that the advertisements garner unearned trust from th e public, are misleading, and promote unnecessary use of prescription drugs for commonRead MoreNurses And Midwives Are The Largest Group Of Health Workers1446 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Nurses and midwives are the largest group of health workers who provide a wide range of health services, which include promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and supportive care to individuals, families and groups (World Health Organization 2006). Modern day nursing embraces growing technology, theoretical advancements and increasing accountability (Mason and Whitehead 2003). Their adequate representation and utilization in the health care system is very crucial to achieve the resultsRead MoreChild Welfare Services Technology : An Area Of Much Needed Improvement1421 Words   |  6 Pageseducation, and outcomes are also areas for enhancement. Due to a lack of consistency within states and state to state programs along with budget cuts the child welfare system is not maximizing technology to provide services consistently or efficiently. Public and private child welfare administrators alike recognized that their systems had not yet fully developed the basic infrastructure need ed to operate a child welfare system in a managed care context. (Wulcyn; Orlebeke, 2000). The gaps in progress inRead MoreA Life Course Approach For Injury Prevention892 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough the theories core principles. The following is a brief outline of the core principles of life course and ecological theory respectively. Life Course Approach Dr. Glen Elder, the major contributor to the life course approach, developed the core principles of the theory after analyzing the data from his â€Å"Children of the Great Depression† study (Elder, 1994). The core principles (historical time and place, timing, linked lives and agency) promote the idea that change occurs across the lifespanRead MoreHealth information exchange Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Devry University Health Information Exchange 4/8/2013 Table of Contents Cover Page: Page 1 Table of contents: Page 2 Introduction of HIE: Page3 Outline US History of HIE: Page 4-5 Benefits of HIE: Page 5-6 Privacy and Security: Page 6-7 Challenges: Page 7-8 Conclusion: Page 8 Works Cited: Page 9 In 1990 Hartford Foundation funds, â€Å"Community Health Management Information Systems.† They gave grants to seven states and cities to develop those early prototype HIE’s. HIE focusesRead MoreFlu Vaccine Case Study Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesAmong those 185 million, almost half (90 million) are considered high-risk (Centers for Disease Control 2004, 2; General Accounting Office 2004). The high-risk population includes adults 65 and older, infants six to 23 months old, pregnant women, health care workers, those who care for children under six months old, and people with compromised immune systems or chronic illnesses such as asthma, lung cancer, and cystic fibrosis (Centers for Disease Control 2004; General Accounting Office 2004).

Corporate Governance and Value Creation Evidence

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance and Value Creation Evidence. Answer: Introduction Tricker (2015) depicted that the importance of corporate governance relies on the fact that it allows in maintaining the cohesiveness of an organization. Aziri (2014) also affirmed and stated that lack of effective governance results in corruption and a tarnished image of the organization. The company that is considered is Oman Cables Industry that manufactures variety of electrical products like low voltage power control cables, pilot cables, overhead power transmission-line conductors and others (Omancables.com 2016). The prime objective of this business report is to evaluate the key notions of corporate governance along with the evaluation of code of corporate governance for concerning UK combined code and CG for Omani listed companies like EOI-2010. The significance and usefulness of this disclosed information will also be illustrated and the entire assessment will wrap up with a conclusion based on the entire discussion. Analysis and evaluation of key notions of corporate governance Tricker (2015) mentioned that in the key notions of the corporate governance probity, fairness, responsibility, independence, transparency and accountability are some of the aspects that an organization has to follow. In the context of the probity, it is explained by Acharya et al. (2013) that an organization has to be honest with their stakeholders and should not mislead them by illustrating some wrong information. Moreover, the key roles and responsibilities along with the goals and objectives of the organization have to be clearly mentioned and illustrated to all the employees and the community. Rajasekar (2013) furthermore highlight that the term transparency plays a crucial role in maintaining effective corporate governance by not concealing any crucial information to the society. Lastly, accountability is an approach, where an organization or a person is liable to answer the entire asked question regarding their action and decision. Code of corporate governance for Oman Cables Industry concerning UK Combined Code Composition of BOD This committee comprises of executive directors like Fabio Ignazio Romeo and Mohamed Mustafa Mukhta and non-executive directors like Hussain Salman Al Lawati, Abdul Amir Saied and others. The committees are complying with valuing their human resource manual that maintains the internal regulations and operating procedures of the organization. The details of the organization maintain probity by performing frequent internal checks, internal audits and submission of the regular ISO audits to audit Committee (Omancables.com 2016). These committees moreover comprise a majority of non-executives and along them one-third of them are independent. Van den Berghe (2012) also stated that there responsibility can also be evaluated from their periodical communication with shareholders. Moreover, compliance with relevant laws and regulations represents their fairness regarding their business operations. In addition to that, Oman Cables Industry also publishes its financial results four times a year individually for quarterly, half yearly, three quarterly and yearly in two local newspapers (Omancables.com 2016). This resembles their concerned towards meetings that occurs minimum four times a year with a gap of three to four months. Functions of BOD Moreover, concerning UK Combined Code, Oman Cables Industry has accreditations and certifications of BASEC UK, BSI UK and LPCB (Loss Prevention Certification Board) UK (Omancables.com 2016). These bodies perform an independent investigation and offerprocess capabilityassessment and certification of innovative in cable making. BSI UK certified Oman Cables Industrys wide range of products like building wire--cables; XLPE/PVC insulated LV, MV and LV lead sheath cable, and overhead conductor for marinating a high technical standard (Omancables.com 2016). The concerned organization also has the facility of Advanced Technology Laboratory (ATL) that is known for their provision of verification of material combinations, sample and routine tests, voltage testing and accredited theory and practical training to protect stakeholders interest (Omancables.com 2016). All these approaches reveal their approach towards transparency. Oman Cables Industry also resembles their responsibility by offerin g programs like Program for Omanisation and development of Nationals," educational assistance, training and internship program to their employees (Omancables.com 2016). Significance and usefulness of disclosing information- reporting about Corporate Governance (CG) Hermalin and Weisbach (2012) defines that the approach of disclosing information regarding their corporate governance is known as corporate transparency. Employees and community have seen corporate governance as the forefront of organizational ethics and establishing standards for preserving a fair trading system. The disclosing of the crucial information resembles the culture of transparency that comprises of encouraging people to speak truth, admitting mistakes and diversifying information sources along with the UK codes like BASEC UK, BSI UK and LPCB UK (Al-Janadi et al. 2013). The respective approach signifies a balance between executive and non-executive members for the organization. This helps the regular people to get aware of the business proceedings of an organization and provide the auditors to review the financial and non-financial status of the company. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that the Oman Cables Industry follows all the principles of corporate governance to aware all the business functionalities and approaches to their stakeholders. Moreover, the concerned organization also discloses their financial and non-financial report for maintaining transparency. The fairness of their business proceedings can also be seen through their corporate governance report and the audit committee, who are liable to evaluate internal regulations. Moreover, for enhancing the performance of their organization, they take initiatives to provide training to their employee so that every individual can serve their best for the betterment of the organization and society. Reference List Acharya, V.V., Gottschalg, O.F., Hahn, M. and Kehoe, C., 2013. Corporate governance and value creation: Evidence from private equity.Review of Financial Studies,26(2), pp.368-402. Al-Janadi, Y., Rahman, R.A. and Omar, N.H., 2013. Corporate governance mechanisms and voluntary disclosure in Saudi Arabia.Research Journal of Finance and Accounting,4(4). Aziri, B., 2014. Corporate Governance: A Literature Review.Management Research and Practice,6(3), p.53. Hermalin, B.E. and Weisbach, M.S., 2012. Information disclosure and corporate governance.The Journal of Finance,67(1), pp.195-233. omancables.com., 2016.Corporate_Presentation_2016. [online] Available at: https://www.omancables.com/cdn/Corporate_Presentation_2016.pdf [Accessed 27 Dec. 2016]. Rajasekar, J., 2013. A comparative analysis of mission statement content and readability.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,14(6), pp.131-147. Tricker, B., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Van den Berghe, L., 2012.International standardisation of good corporate governance: best practices for the board of directors. Springer Science Business Media.

Voter Turnout Problem in America

Voter turnout simply refers to the fraction of eligible voters in any country who cast their ballots during an election. This percentage representation varies widely from country to country, depending on a host of factors. It is therefore important to note that voter turnout does not represent the population of a country, and the two might not be related in any way.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Voter Turnout Problem in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Notably, voter turnout is considered to be an element of a fair election and has been sometimes used to measure the level of democracy in a given country or region in the world (Brooks, 2009). Based on this, there are several reasons, which explain voter turnout in any system, ranging from nation to nation. While this is case, there has been a general trend of low voter turnout in recent years among most established democracies around the world, including the United States. This sounds strange and ironical since most people believe that a developed democracy should promote higher voter turnout in any given system. This may denote the fact that voter turnout does not necessarily depend on the level of democracy of a country; it encompasses a wide range of intertwined factors, which have to be analyzed in taking a fair stance towards voter turnout in the United States (Roberts, 2009). What does history tell us about voter turnout in America? The United States has historically registered an inconsistent voter turnout trend, which keeps on falling and rising, depending on a host of factors, and not merely the level of democracy as perceived by some people. Regardless of the level of increment, it has been noted that America’s voter turnout has never reached or surpassed that attained by well-established democracies around the world. Despite the fact that there have been signs of increase in voter turnout as experienced since 2000 , America is rated position twenty out of twenty one developed democracies around the world. Based on the fact that the U.S. is ranked among established democracies in the world, it suffices to mention that its level of democracy might not be the only determining factor for its low voter turnout throughout history (Brooks, 2009). As indicated earlier, there are several factors which have continuously contributed to low voter turnout in America, ranging from social, technological, economical, procedural, to demographic explanations. It has been noted that voter registration significantly affects the overall voter turnout in any given election (Brooks, 2009). In the year 2004, 89% of registered voters voted in presidential elections, proving this assumption. In a research conducted prior to the 2004 elections, it was found out that approximately thirty two million eligible Americans had not registered as voters. There are several reasons why a considerable number of Americans fail to register as voters. For instance, voter-registration usually has a deadline, which may lock out some citizens. In other cases, lack of registration information has been blamed as citizens may not be aware of the registration centers, requirements and deadline.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another factor, which contributes to low turnout in the United States, is technology. Despite the fact that America is one of the leading nations in terms of technological advancements, e-voting has equally affected voter turnout results. During its introduction, there was no paper-trailing for voters, making it hard to instantly account for individual voters (Roberts, 2009). Additionally, the low voter turnout trend has been blamed on economic factors such as the level of income, which varies broadly in the country. In most cases, it has been found that citizens with high income are likely to vo te as compared to low income-earners. Consequently, there is voting disparity, which is based on demographic patterns. In such cases, politicians usually have a significant role and they tend to respond to opinions of constituents with high income. In worse cases, politicians may be three times more responsive to the rich as compared to how they handle issues affecting the middle and low-class voters. It is also important to acknowledge that most eligible Americans who don’t vote get disinterested with the exercise because of lack of clarity in policies between contesting candidates. Oftentimes, campaigns are issue-based, depending on what the candidate considers to be more favorable. It therefore becomes discouraging and confusing to voters when they cannot draw a line between the candidates though a voting process. Based on the issues discussed above, it is crystal clear that voter turnout in America is affected by a wide range of factors that are intertwined. For this tren d to be reversed and match other developed democracy, there are certain issues that have to be considered. These include but not limited to a more effective voting system to avoid errors and hacking. Additionally, politicians have to win voters by cutting clear boundaries when selling their policies. This further reinstates the confidence of voters, thus being motivated to vote (Brooks, 2009). Lastly, both social classes have to be equally considered by politicians to avoid discouraging low-income earners, who feel discriminated. In general, low voter turnout in the United States cannot be solely blamed on the country’s democracy. Such an assumption does not include several factors surrounding the issue. References Brooks, S. (2009). Understanding American Politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Roberts, D. (2009). Why We Don’t Vote: Low Voter Turnout in U.S. Presidential Elections. University of Tennessee. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay samp le on Voter Turnout Problem in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Voter Turnout Problem in America was written and submitted by user Leon Buckner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Store Cashier Incentive

Store Cashier Incentive Introduction Entrepreneurs start businesses with a view to make profit. Profits do not happen by themselves except through a process that executes relevant business functions. The place of the employee or staff is essential towards the achievement of the business goals and objectives. This places the question of staff motivation as key to the fulfillment of business objectives. The relationship between motivation and performance is crucial. Staff motivation has to do with the provision of a pleasant working environment for the workers. It involves the creation of relevant work ethics, clarification of responsibilities and documentation of effective performance appraisal and rewarding system.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Store Cashier Incentive specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A company will not be able to achieve desired results without motivated staff. Business owners must ensure that employees derive meaning fro m the work they do. This will guarantee their commitment and excellence in performance. The success of the company depends more or less on the passion and concentration of workers. Staff motivation is the key to business excellence (Bruce and Pepitone, 1999). The store must invest in motivation. Purpose does not exist in most of today’s business enterprises. One of the reasons why staff become demoralized has to do with lack of clarity for the purpose within the business. The store cashier has a vital role of ensuring that the customers of the store get satisfied. This means that the cashier must undertake such tasks and activities that ensure excellent customer service and satisfaction. They must also perform those tasks with the utmost excellence. The incentive program should include clarity of work purposes. The incentive program details the activities involved in the fulfillment of work tasks. The purposes for which those tasks become undertaken must be clarified. Purpose will help workers in making the right choices about work activities and find meaning in what they do. The external needs of the cashiers should be met as a means of providing a pleasant working environment. The program should work around dealing with external uncertainties surrounding customer satisfaction – dealing with customer moods, tastes and preferences (Thomas, 2009). The other components to be considered include – creation of a high performance culture environment and rewarding outstanding implementation and performance. The incentive program should address critical work issues – staff satisfaction with job assignment, recognition, management support and understanding. The components of the incentive program should be integrated within the human resource training module. It should be entrenched in the employee team building program. The business monitoring and evaluation matrices should reflect the adopted components of the incentive program. Excellent feedback mechanism systems should be developed to allow continuous interaction between the employees and the human resource managers and business owners. All the components of the individual incentive program can be adopted for implementation at the corporation or store level. The other store or group incentives include developing a model for corporation wide staff motivation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The store managers should also refine the store’s core values. The store values should focus the cashiers and other employees towards the store purpose. The same store incentives should be channeled creatively through the store managers and during employees team building activities. The store wide incentives should be entrenched within the store policies and implemented by the managers using a relevant store wide structure. Conclusion The priority of sto re owners should be to develop incentives that motivate the staff. This will result in excellent staff performance and customer satisfaction. References Bruce, A., Pepitone, J.S. (1999). Motivating Employees. New York: The McGraw – Hill Companies, Inc. Thomas, K. W. (2009). Intrinsic Motivation at Work: What Really Drives Employee  Engagement. California: Berrett – Koehler Publishers, Inc.

Astronomy 101 - Early History of Astronomy

Astronomy 101 - Early History of Astronomy Astronomy is humanitys oldest science. People have been looking up, trying to explain what they see in the sky probably since the first human-like cave dwellers existed. Theres a famous scene in the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey, where a hominid named Moonwatcher surveys the sky, taking in the sights and pondering what he sees. Its likely that such beings really did exist, trying to make some sense of the cosmos as they saw it. Prehistoric Astronomy Fast forward about 10,000 years to the time of the first civilizations, and the earliest astronomers who already figured out how to use the sky. In some cultures, they were priests, priestesses, and other elites who studied the movement of celestial bodies to determine rituals, celebrations, and planting cycles. With their ability to observe and even forecast celestial events, these people held great power among their societies. This is because the sky remained a mystery to most people, and in many cases, cultures put their deities in the sky. Anyone who could figure out the mysteries of the sky (and the sacred) had to be pretty important.   However, their observations were not exactly scientific. They were more practical, although somewhat used for ritual purposes. In some civilizations, people assumed that that celestial objects and their motions could foretell their own futures. That belief led to the now-discounted practice of astrology, which is more of an entertainment than anything scientific.   The Greeks Lead the Way The ancient Greeks were among the first to start developing theories about what they saw in the sky. Theres much evidence that early Asian societies also relied on the heavens as a sort of calendar. Certainly, navigators and travelers used the positions of the Sun, Moon, and stars to find their way around the planet.   Observations of the Moon suggested that Earth, too, was round. People also believed that Earth was the center of all creation. When coupled with the philosopher Plato’s assertion that the sphere was the perfect geometrical shape, the Earth-centered view of the universe seemed like a natural fit.   Many other early observers believed the heavens were really a giant crystalline bowl arching over Earth. That view gave way to another idea, expounded by astronomer Eudoxus and philosopher Aristotle in the 4th century BCE. They said the Sun, Moon, and planets hung on a set of nesting, concentric spheres surrounding Earth. Nobody could see them, but something was holding up the celestial objects, and invisible nesting balls were as good an explanation as anything else. Although helpful to ancient people trying to make sense of an unknown universe, this model did not help in properly tracking the motions planets, the Moon, or stars as seen from Earths surface. Still, with few refinements, it remained the predominant scientific view of the universe for another six hundred years. The Ptolemaic Revolution in Astronomy In the Second Century BCE, Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy), a Roman astronomer working in Egypt, added a curious invention of his own to the geocentric model of nesting crystalline balls.   He said that the planets moved in perfect circles made of something, attached to those perfect spheres. All that stuff   rotated around Earth. He called these little circles epicycles and they were an important (if erroneous) assumption. While it was wrong, his theory could, at least, predict the paths of the planets fairly well. Ptolemys view remained the preferred explanation for another fourteen centuries! The Copernican Revolution That all changed in the 16th century, when  Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer tiring of the cumbersome and imprecise nature of the Ptolemaic model, began working on a theory of his own. He thought there had to be a better way to explain the perceived motions of planets and the Moon in the sky. He theorized that the Sun was at the center of the universe and Earth and other planets revolved around it. Seems simple enough, and very logical. However, this idea conflicted with the Holy Roman churchs idea (which was largely based on the perfection of Ptolemys theory). In fact, his idea caused him some trouble. Thats because, in the Churchs view, humanity and its planet were always and only to be considered the center of all things. The Copernican idea demoted Earth to something the Church didnt want to think about. Since it was the Church and had assumed power over all knowledge, it threw its weight around to get his idea discredited.   But, Copernicus persisted. His model of the universe, while still incorrect, did three main things. It explained the prograde and retrograde motions of the planets. It took Earth out of its spot as the center of the universe. And, it expanded the size of the universe. In a geocentric model, the size of the universe is limited so that it can revolve once every 24 hours, or else the stars would get slung off due to centrifugal force. So, maybe the Church did fear more than a demotion of our place in the universe since a deeper understanding of the universe was changing with Copernicuss ideas.   While it was a major step in the right direction, Copernicus’ theories were still quite cumbersome and imprecise. Yet, he paved the way for further scientific understanding. His book, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, which was published as he lay on his deathbed, was a key element in the beginning of the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment. In those centuries, the scientific nature of astronomy became incredibly important, along with the construction of telescopes to observe the heavens. Those scientists contributed to the rise of astronomy as a specialized science that we know and rely upon today.  Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Customer Inserts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Customer Inserts - Research Paper Example The extensive use of this therapy is also a subject of focus within this paper. The paper also tries to categorize this therapy in terms of set models of classifications for treatment of mental illnesses. The various aspects of the therapy which require improvements are covered within the context of the paper. Introduction Schizophrenia can be identified as a chronic mental illness which is characterized by the inability to process thoughts. Individuals suffering from this condition experience various symptoms. These symptoms may include paranoia as a result of mental instability (American Psychiatric Association, 2000 ). The individual gets the impression that others are conspiring against him/her and thus paranoia begins. Other symptoms may include hallucinations, disorganized speech and delusions. Hallucinations come as a result of the individual hearing voices which do not exist. This condition has been associated with a number of factors. Though there exists a small percentage l inked to genetic factors, the condition is immensely associated with substance abuse. The most common drugs associated with this condition include are cannabis and cocaine. Environmental factors like social groups can also be linked to the development of the condition to a small extent. Most of the environmental factors associated though, seem to lead to substance abuse. It is therefore not clear whether there is a direct connection between the environmental factors and schizophrenia. There exist numerous medications which have been used to treat schizophrenia. Being a mental condition, the treatment targets the developed symptoms as there are no viruses or infectious pathogens. The most effective, known methods have been application of first and second generation antipsychotic. These are aimed at getting the individual away from the causative agent. There exist numerous interventions employed commonly in the treatment of this condition. These include cognitive behavioral therapy, s ubstance abuse treatment, family member education, assertive community treatment, training in social skills among others. All these interventions aim at reducing the symptoms displayed by an individual. The intervention Cognitive behavioral therapy is a reality based intervention employed to help people with schizophrenia. It has been extensively used in many cases where symptoms associated with schizophrenia become evident. The king’s college in London developed this intervention. Numerous studies and researches have been undertaken in different parts of the world aiming at providing more information concerning the application of this reality based intervention (Berrios, 1994). This therapy aims at improving cognitive abilities which become drastically reduced by schizophrenia. It targets at restoring the cognitive abilities of an individual suffering from schizophrenia. Supported employment has been profoundly used in the treatment of individuals showing severe symptoms of schizophrenia. Supported employment is part of the cognitive behavioral therapy administered for the treatment of severe mental conditions. Through the use of supported employment, the people with mental illnesses like schizophrenia have been able to maintain competitive employment. The method employed in this study for collecting information was to use individuals with a severe mental condition. Some of the individuals chosen also had to have a history of job failures. They were

The Beatles and drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Beatles and drugs - Essay Example This change however was not only affecting Britain but the rest of foreign countries in their music and exposing them to new ways of life. It is then argumentative and controversial as to whether the Beatles made positive or negative changes to the lives of Britons in the period. It is in this essay, therefore, that we shall figure out this by focusing on various influences the Beatles had on music and life of the people of Britain. The Beatles are known to have had a great influence in the 1960s, to the British society through a unique music they composed and sang. The existing and growth of rock and roll, for instance, is highly attributed to them as they are the very first band that came up with a musical style. Rock and roll style became quite useful during the years of war, 1939- 1945. Through the Beatles, it called for people to exercise patriotism and reunite with soldiers to make the existing situation better (Gammond & Peter, 1993). One of the singers of these times of war was Vera Lynn, with her songs like: The White Cliffs of Dover and Well Meet Again bringing her to fame in Britain, during the period. The pre-rock and roll era in Britain is, therefore, said to have existed in the 1940s and 50s. Frankie Vaughan and Dickie Valentine were the solo singers who dominated the music industry, with the musical tunes they had borrowed from the Beatles. A big difference is clear between the music of the pre-B eatle era and that of the Beatles onwards. The Pre- Beatle era, for instance, was less modernized and quite unproductive time for music in Britain. Times however became better in the following years where the Beatle band began and consequent ones, as music then began moving to the desired direction. Following the rock and roll era was the rhythm and blues music; which was determined to take over the Beatles, who had already taken the music industry by storm. It was through

Porter Diamond Essay Example for Free

Porter Diamond Essay Michael Porter put forth a theory in 1990 to explain why some countries are leaders in the production of certain products. His work incorporates certain elements of previous international trade theories but also makes some important new discoveries. He identifies four elements present to varying degrees in every nation that form the basis of national competitiveness. Analyze the current situation of Japan using the four elements of Porter’s national competitive advantage theory. Suggested Answers: 1. Factor conditions Japan possesses relatively weak basic factors but good advanced factors, e. g. availability of high quality scientist and engineers; and advanced rail road and telecommunication infrastructure. 2. Demand conditions High degree of buyer sophistication Strong preference for new product and high demand for quality products and services 3. Related and supporting industries Clusters in manufacturing sector are sustained by abundant and high quality supporting industries. For example, the automobile parts cluster in Ota City and the industrial supply base for construction machinery in Komatsu City. 4. Firm strategy and rivalry Good cooperation in labor-employer relations. Japan has traditionally lifetime employment, which helps to build good relationship between  management and employees High intensity of local competition. There are large number of companies in both manufacturing and service sectors, e.g. car manufacturers and IT software companies CGE25101 Globalization and Business Tutorial 12 Discussion Question: The Porter’s Diamond Michael Porter put forth a theory in 1990 to explain why some countries are leaders in the production of certain products. His work incorporates certain elements of previous international trade theories but also makes some important new discoveries. He identifies four elements present to varying degrees in every nation that form the basis of national competitiveness. Analyze the current situation of Japan using the four elements of Porter’s national competitive advantage theory. Suggested Answers: 5. Factor conditions Japan possesses relatively weak basic factors but good advanced factors, e.g. availability of high quality scientist and engineers; and advanced rail road and telecommunication infrastructure. 6. Demand conditions High degree of buyer sophistication Strong preference for new product and high demand for quality products and services 7. Related and supporting industries Clusters in manufacturing sector are sustained by abundant and high quality  supporting industries. For example, the automobile parts cluster in Ota City and the industrial supply base for construction machinery in Komatsu City. 8. Firm strategy and rivalry Good cooperation in labor-employer relations. Japan has traditionally lifetime employment, which helps to build good relationship between management and employees High intensity of local competition. There are large number of companies in both manufacturing and service sectors, e.g. car manufacturers and IT software companies CGE25101 Globalization and Business Tutorial 12 Discussion Question: The Porter’s Diamond Michael Porter put forth a theory in 1990 to explain why some countries are leaders in the production of certain products. His work incorporates certain elements of previous international trade theories but also makes some important new discoveries. He identifies four elements present to varying degrees in every nation that form the basis of national competitiveness. Analyze the current situation of Japan using the four elements of Porter’s national competitive advantage theory. Suggested Answers: 9. Factor conditions Japan possesses relatively weak basic factors but good advanced factors, e.g. availability of high quality scientist and engineers; and advanced rail road and telecommunication infrastructure. 10. Demand conditions High degree of buyer sophistication Strong preference for new product and high demand for quality products and services 11. Related and supporting industries Clusters in manufacturing sector are sustained by abundant and high quality supporting industries. For example, the automobile parts cluster in Ota City and the industrial supply base for construction machinery in Komatsu City. 12. Firm strategy and rivalry Good cooperation in labor-employer relations. Japan has traditionally lifetime employment, which helps to build good relationship between management and employees High intensity of local competition. There are large number of companies in both manufacturing and service sectors, e.g. car manufacturers and IT software companies CGE25101 Globalization and Business Tutorial 12 Discussion Question: The Porter’s Diamond Michael Porter put forth a theory in 1990 to explain why some countries are leaders in the production of certain products. His work incorporates certain elements of previous international trade theories but also makes some important new discoveries. He identifies four elements present to varying degrees in every nation that form the basis of national competitiveness. Analyze the current situation of Japan using the four elements of Porter’s national competitive advantage theory. Suggested Answers: 13. Factor conditions Japan possesses relatively weak basic factors but good advanced factors, e.g. availability of high quality scientist and engineers; and advanced rail road and telecommunication infrastructure. 14. Demand conditions High degree of buyer sophistication Strong preference for new product and high demand for quality products and services 15. Related and supporting industries Clusters in manufacturing sector are sustained by abundant and high quality supporting industries. For example, the automobile parts cluster in Ota City and the industrial supply base for construction machinery in Komatsu City. 16. Firm strategy and rivalry Good cooperation in labor-employer relations. Japan has traditionally lifetime employment, which helps to build good relationship between management and employees High intensity of local competition. There are large number of companies in both manufacturing and service sectors, e.g. car manufacturers and IT software companies CGE25101 Globalization and Business Tutorial 12 Discussion Question: The Porter’s Diamond Michael Porter put forth a theory in 1990 to explain why some countries are  leaders in the production of certain products. His work incorporates certain elements of previous international trade theories but also makes some important new discoveries. He identifies four elements present to varying degrees in every nation that form the basis of national competitiveness. Analyze the current situation of Japan using the four elements of Porter’s national competitive advantage theory. Suggested Answers: 17. Factor conditions Japan possesses relatively weak basic factors but good advanced factors, e.g. availability of high quality scientist and engineers; and advanced rail road and telecommunication infrastructure. 18. Demand conditions High degree of buyer sophistication Strong preference for new product and high demand for quality products and services 19. Related and supporting industries Clusters in manufacturing sector are sustained by abundant and high quality supporting industries. For example, the automobile parts cluster in Ota City and the industrial supply base for construction machinery in Komatsu City. 20. Firm strategy and rivalry Good cooperation in labor-employer relations. Japan has traditionally lifetime employment, which helps to build good relationship between management and employees High intensity of local competition. There are large number of companies in both manufacturing and service sectors, e.g. car manufacturers and IT software companies CGE25101 Globalization and Business Tutorial 12 Discussion Question: The Porter’s Diamond Michael Porter put forth a theory in 1990 to explain why some countries are leaders in the production of certain products. His work incorporates certain elements of previous international trade theories but also makes some important new discoveries. He identifies four elements present to varying degrees in every nation that form the basis of national competitiveness. Analyze the current situation of Japan using the four elements of Porter’s national competitive advantage theory. Suggested Answers: 21. Factor conditions Japan possesses relatively weak basic factors but good advanced factors, e.g. availability of high quality scientist and engineers; and advanced rail road and telecommunication infrastructure. 22. Demand conditions High degree of buyer sophistication Strong preference for new product and high demand for quality products and services 23. Related and supporting industries Clusters in manufacturing sector are sustained by abundant and high quality supporting industries. For example, the automobile parts cluster in Ota City and the industrial supply base for construction machinery in Komatsu City. 24. Firm strategy and rivalry Good cooperation in labor-employer relations. Japan has traditionally lifetime employment, which helps to build good relationship between management and employees High intensity of local competition. There are large number of companies in both manufacturing and service sectors, e.g. car manufacturers and IT software companies CGE25101 Globalization and Business Tutorial 12 Discussion Question: The Porter’s Diamond Michael Porter put forth a theory in 1990 to explain why some countries are leaders in the production of certain products. His work incorporates certain elements of previous international trade theories but also makes some important new discoveries. He identifies four elements present to varying degrees in every nation that form the basis of national competitiveness. Analyze the current situation of Japan using the four elements of Porter’s national competitive advantage theory. Suggested Answers: 25. Factor conditions Japan possesses relatively weak basic factors but good advanced factors, e.g. availability of high quality scientist and engineers; and advanced rail road and telecommunication infrastructure. 26. Demand conditions High degree of buyer sophistication Strong preference for new product and high demand for quality products and services 27. Related and supporting industries Clusters in manufacturing sector are sustained by abundant and high quality supporting industries. For example, the automobile parts cluster in Ota City and the industrial supply base for construction machinery in Komatsu City. 28. Firm strategy and rivalry Good cooperation in labor-employer relations. Japan has traditionally lifetime employment, which helps to build good relationship between management and employees High intensity of local competition. There are large number of companies in both manufacturing and service sectors, e.g. car manufacturers and IT software companies

Comparing Tension and Conflict in Things Fall Apart and Clear Light of

Tension and Conflict in Things Fall Apart and Clear Light of Day      Ã‚  Ã‚   How does the tension between traditional and modern views of the world play itself out in Achebe's "Things Fall Apart", and Desai's "Clear Light of Day"?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     In both Achebe's and Desai's novels, tension and conflict between the new and the old, traditional and modern are the strong undercurrents that move the story and the reader into an unconscious emotional uneasiness.    In both novels, the backdrop and the story are engrossed in a struggle between two worlds, the new and the old fighting out its battles in the characters portrayed within.  Ã‚   Achebe makes his stand in eastern Nigeria while Desai illustrates her point in Old Delhi.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the first part of "Things Fall Apart", Achebe, portrays a traditional African culture, but one on the verge of change.  Ã‚   Early in the novel you can see change is already taking place.   "...in the past a man who broke the peace was dragged on the ground throughout the village until he died.   But after a while this custom was stopped because it spoiled the peace which it was meant to preserve."  Ã‚  Ã‚   But traditions continued on, including ritual killing and banishment of one of the village leaders.   But then things begin to change more rapidly with the coming of the missionaries.   When they gave them the "evil forest" to build their churches on there was no turning back.   Many of the abused and outcast were converted when they saw that these new people prospered in the evil lands. The people started to revolt against their traditional gods.   "Three converts had gone into the village and boasted openly that... ...k after...  Ã‚   But even this simple act has its overtones, "...she has always liked to rule others..."      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In both of these novels the main characters have to be strong to deal with the tides between tradition and modern culture.   Their lives are not easy, but while reading about them, maybe we can make it easier for others to live in our world and understand those who do not wish to make the journey of "progress".   Failing that, maybe we can at least understand our own journey through this jumble we call life.    Works Cited and Consulted    Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann Educational Publishers, 1986.    Desai, Anita. The Clear Light of Day London: Penguin, 1990    Taiwo, Oladele. Culture and the Nigerian Novel. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1976.

Stroke Care Management and Pressure Ulcer Assessment Tool

Student Number: 21127187 Module: Assessment and Therapeutic Care Management Module Code: AN 602 Assignment Title: A Case study: Stroke Care Management and Pressure Ulcer Assessment Tool Word Count: 3296 Date Submitted: 11th January, 2012 This academic work aims to present a clinical case study of a patient who is diagnosed of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), also called â€Å"stroke†, achieve a deeper understanding of debilitating post-stroke complications using an assessment guide and nursing interventions to the nursing diagnosis of impaired skin integrity.This essay aims to incorporate the utilisation of a pressure ulcer grading assessment tool to establish baseline assessment data and facilitate ongoing wound care management in relation to pressure ulcers (PrUs) as one of long term problems encountered in the care of a stroke patient. A holistic assessment of the patient will be required, identifying activities of daily living to enable the nurse to devise a plan involving the therapeutic team in line with identified nursing diagnoses.Due to limitation on word count, the essay will focus more on the present health status in relation to areas pertinent to PrUs management during the rehabilitation process. For the purpose of this academic work, the patient will be protected by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code of Conduct (2008) by use of a pseudonym, ‘Mr. X’. Mr. X, is an 87 year-old elderly obese patient, with long-term diagnosis of Hypertension (HPN) and Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (DM), on maintenance medications, who was recently diagnosed of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA).Mr. X was transferred to a nursing home after the acute hospitalisation for long-term care. Brunner (2008) defines CVA, Ischemic Stroke, or â€Å"Brain Attack† as sudden loss of neurologic functioning resulting from blood flow disruption in cerebral blood vessels. Stroke has two main types, Ischaemic and Hemmorhaegic: the former is caused by an infarct of blood clot in brain artery and accounts for 80 % of all stroke cases; while the latter is caused by bleeding into the brain tissues accounting to 20 % of stroke occurrences (Feigin et al, 2003).Stroke is the third leading cause of death and is a major cause of adult neurological disability which affects approximately 130,000 people a year in the UK (National Audit Office, 2005). Mr. X was diagnosed of having left middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct 7 months ago resulting to neurological deficits on the contralateral side of the body. The extent of deficits following stroke depends upon the affected cerebral artery and subsequent areas of brain tissue compromised of blood supply by the damaged vessel (Porth, 2007). Upon assessment, Mr.X has right side hemiplegia, contralateral sensory impairment, dysphasia, bowel and bladder incontinence, and an existing Category I PrUs on both heels. The hemiplegia is explained by Brunner (2008) that because motor neurons decussat e, a disturbance of motor control on one side of the body may reflect damage to the motor neurons on the opposite side of the brain. Williams et al (2010) states that following a MCA infarct, there is alteration of the brain’s ability to process and interpret sensory data which results in Mr. X’s sensory impairment.Porth (2007) defines aphasia as a general term with varying degrees of inability to comprehend, integrate, and express language. Porth (2007) further states that a stroke on the MCA territory is the most common aphasia-producing stroke. It is then imperative to understand the pathology of affected areas of the brain to anticipate presence of motor, sensory, and speech deficits where the nurses and entire therapeutic team can intervene. For the purpose of data gathering and assessment, Gordon’s Functional Health Pattern (1987) is utilised as a framework of this essay.The model presents 11 functional health patterns categorized systematically for data c ollection and analysis, and is used as a guide in the development of a comprehensive nursing data base ( Gordon, 2000). The nurses can identify functional patterns as the clients’ strengths and dysfunctional patterns as the nursing diagnoses, which assist the nurse in developing the care plan (Gordon, 1994, 200). The assessment guide is particularly chosen because it gives the nurse a full opportunity to examine not only the physical aspect f human functioning but includes physiological and psychological disturbances experienced by the patient. Nursing diagnoses can then be derived from the wide-range of assessment data collected. The Gordon’s assessment tool is thereby used a framework for ensuring that all aspects of an individual’s patient’s life are considered. However, this essay will only focus on the following health patterns: Cognitive – Perceptual, Nutritional-Metabolic, Activity and Exercise where nursing problems were identified and ther eby require therapeutic care management.The Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research Guideline for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation (AHCPR, 2005) recommends that initial assessment of stroke patients should include a complete history and physical assessment with emphasis on medical co-morbidities, level of consciousness, skin assessment and risk of PrUs, mobility, and bowel and bladder function. Moreover, the following areas of assessment contribute to the development of PrUs: impaired sensory perception or cognition, decreased tissue perfusion, nutrition and hydration status, friction and shear forces, skin moisture, mobility, and continence status (Brunner, 2008; Porth 2007).The specific areas mentioned above will be of greater emphasis due to its contribution to PrU management in post-stroke Mr. X. Based upon history taking, Mr. X has been living with Hypertension (HPN) and DM for 12 years and has been insulin dependent for 5 months now after the occurrence of stroke. Past medical his tory must be taken into essential consideration especially in chronic conditions to ascertain levels of compliance to medical interventions, perception towards illness, and impact on patient’s lives (Crumbie, 2006).Establishment of rapport and consequently gaining trust from the patient thereby enables the nurse to create a good baseline history assessment and attain patient’s cooperation through the entire rehabilitation process. The nursing process first step is assessment which involves collecting data to help identify actual and potential health problems and patient needs. In order to develop appropriate nursing diagnoses, accurate assessments should be made to guarantee allocation of appropriate resources in the planning stage to achieve expected outcomes. Potter and Perry, 2008). It could be suggested that nurses in this stage of nursing process should employ opportunities for holistic assessments and use critical thinking in determining focus areas to be include d in the database. The cephalo-caudal principle of assessment is incorporated as a guide for presenting the health patterns, which sets the Cognitive – Perceptual pattern as the first to be approached highlighting assessments on cognition, perception, sensory, pain, and language.Williams et al (2010) states that post-stroke damage to the brain can result to cognitive and sensory impairment which often includes a decrease in thinking, effective decision-making, memory, and perception. Mr. X’s assessment of this health pattern reveals communication difficulty between patient and healthcare team. If communication problems arise, nurses conduct referrals to the Speech and Language Therapy (SLT) who diagnoses presence of aphasia. However, the type of aphasia has not been established yet since Mr.X has been reportedly uncooperative to therapies. It could be suggested however, that basing on research, the Frenchay Aphasia Screening test (Enderby et al, 1987) can be utilised b y the SLT to administer a quick language measure. Another recommendation is the participation of nurses in an interview (Inpatient Functional Communication Interview, McCooey et al, 2004) by the SLT to describe how Mr. X communicate at bedside to help the SLT diagnose communication problems, if any.The limitation on data gathering and assessment process can be compromised at this stage because of problems on communication between the nurse and the patient. It could be suggested that a referral to a speech pathologist can be made to evaluate the patient’s speech, language and ability to understand by testing verbal expression, writing ability, reading, and understanding of verbal expression (Barker, 2002). A nursing diagnosis identified is Impaired verbal communication related to effects of dysphasia.It may be suggested that nurses should provide patients with aphasia a constant way of communicating, through hand gesture, tone of voice, facial expressions and verify responses with family members when warranted ( Holland et al, 2003). It may also be necessary to talk slow, clear, in simple terms and render the patient ample time to understand the information given (Barker, 2002). Family members of aphasic stroke survivors may also experience difficulty in various roles of care giving since the patient cannot communicate effectively (Christensen and Anderson, 1989; Draper and Brocklehurst, 2007).Therefore, it is also necessary to include the family, caregivers, and the nurses at bedside during therapies to maximise nursing care (Intercollegiate Stroke Working Party, 2008). Mr. X’s perception of pain is assessed periodically at varying times of a day to ensure pain relief. Mr. X cannot verbalise pain, but most of the time shows facial grimaces while pointing to right shoulder and hand where pain are felt. Brunner (2008) says that as many as 70 % of stroke patients suffer severe shoulder pain that prevents patients to perform balance and perform self- care activities.Mr. X upon physical assessment has painful shoulder, swelling and stiffness on right hand, defined by Brunner (2008) as shoulder-hand syndrome which causes a frozen shoulder and subcutaneous tissue atrophy, and is always painful. However, according to Edwards & Charlton (2002), it cannot be a cause of pain if managed correctly with appropriate limb support. In this regard, pain assessments should always be subjective and be backed up with objective data gathered. Nursing diagnosis identified is Chronic pain related to immobility secondary to disease process (Heath, 2008).Mr. X has been prescribed with pain relief, Piroxicam gel onto pain areas three times a day and Tramadol tab daily. Piroxicam Gel is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits the enzyme prostaglandin thereby reducing pain and swelling whereas Tramadol is an Opiod analgesic (British National Formulary, 2010). Moreover, Mr. X has been receiving Amitryptiline HCl to help in the management of post-stroke pain but it causes cognitive problems and sedation (Brunner, 2008) thereby requiring safety nursing measures.However, non-pharmacological nursing interventions should be employed first hand before medical interventions. Brunner (2008) suggests elevation of the hand and arm to prevent edema. National stroke guidelines recommend any patient whose range of motion at a joint is reduced should undergo passive stretching of all affected joints on a daily basis, and furthermore, taught to carers (Carter & Edwards, 2002) provided that pain relief is achieved at all times.Referrals to physical therapy or occupational therapy are suggested to evaluate physical debilitations relating to functional mobility to promote pre-morbid independence and subsequently enhance quality of life (Barker, 2011). The second health pattern to be presented is Nutritional – Metabolic. Stroke can present a wide range of deficits which can affect ability to eat and predispose a post-stroke patien t from malnutrition (Williams et al. , 2010).It is supported by Shelton and Reding (2001) who integrates associated weakness and sensory loss on arm and face more than the leg in patients who has had occlusion of the MCA. Barker (2002) states that nearly one third of stroke survivors have dysphagia and chewing difficulties which prompts nurses strategies to liaise aspiration risk with SLT and nutritionist or dietitian. Special diet and caloric calculations may also be needed for Mr. X due to daily insulin management, not to mention daily blood glucose monitoring.Waterlow (1985) emphasizes that those with eating difficulties are likely to eat less, thereby slowly predisposing to poor nutritional intake, so efforts should be directed at creating good balanced diet, is well-presented, and if possible, assistive devices are provided such as adapted cutlery for ease in eating, plate guards, non-slip pads and beakers for drinking. Monitoring of nutritional deterioration of post stroke pat ients is essential during rehabilitation phase thereby giving attention to nutritional intake, weight, gastrointestinal function, and general health condition (NICE, 2005).Weekly weighing has been advocated and utilization of nutritional screening tools that are validated and reliable are recommended by NICE (2005). Review of systems provides skin assessment in nutritional metabolic health pattern which revealed presence of pressure ulcer on heels. The European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) (2009, p7) defines, ‘ A pressure ulcer is localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence , as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear’.Waterlow (1996) emphasizes that excessive weight increases pressure on a bony area thinly covered by tissue such as the sacrum, heels, and trochanters. Pressure ulcers (PrUs) on the heel is a very common site of PrUs, ranking second fro m the sacrum (Bennett & Lee,1985; Hunter et al, 1985; Wong & Stotts, 2003) and is often painful (Black, 2005). Krueger (2006) in her study, stated that 25% of heel PrUs are related to diabetic neuropathy and peripheral arterial occlusive disease.PrU classification systems describe how severe the tissue damage is through progressive numbers or categories (Dealey, 2009). Given that all professionals utilize same system, logic dictates that all PrUs will be objectively assessed, however, Ousey (2005) debates that many grading systems available are rather subjective in nature giving professionals varying assessment interpretations. Grading systems assists healthcare professionals identify the severity of PrUs and serve as a baseline for care plans. However, careful clinical judgement by the nurse s essential in ensuring that the classification systems are used only as a guide, professional skills in assessment are needed to ascertain objective assessment data. In conclusion, grading sys tems serve as valuable tools to determine pressure sore severity in clinical practice, audit, and research ( Beeckman, 2007). Moreover, consistency in the use of classification system will enable the professionals to define progress of healing, allow evaluation of goals of treatment, and revise plans as deemed necessary.Based on the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) (2009) Pressure Ulcer Classification System, Mr. X has a Category I PrU and is defined as an area of intact skin with non-blanchable redness of a localized area, usually on a bony prominence, which may present as painful, warm, and edematous. The NPUAP and EPUAP classification system was designed to provide commonality in the definition and grading / categorization / staging of pressure ulcer, which is applicable in international settings.It has four categories, Category I to IV, each defining level of skin injury and adding physiologic descriptions, which i s recommended by NICE (2005). Terms such as unclassified or unstageable and deep tissue injury (DTI) which are classified as category IV is discussed separately in the new guideline (NPUAP and EPUAP, 2009). Ousley (2005) stated that Surrey system of classifying PrUs is the simplest tool available, presenting same four levels in plain terms, however, warns professionals of its relative subjectivity due to its simplicity.The EPUAP (2007) grading system is almost similar to NPUAP (2007), describing four grades, each is described in detail. However, according to a study done by Beeckman (2007), the EPUAP system of classification has a low inter-rater reliability because of complex details in the definition, leading to a low commonality of professionals identifying the categories of PrUs, jeopardising audit of prevalence rates and affectivity of wound management.The Torrance grading system involves five stages, each stage described simply and is easy to use, however it was not widely uti lised because of its number of categories (Ousey, 2005), which may impose confusion against four categories, rather than achieving consensus. Healey (1995) in her study, revealed that Surrey, Torrance, and Stirling systems do not have a high level of reliability. Similarly, the Stirling Pressure Sore Severity scale (SPSSS) tool is argued by Healey (1995) to have the lowest reliability rate because of its most complex subscales under each category.There are four stages starting from 0 where there is no evidence of pressure ulcer, then each category has subsections, describing the level of skin injury, wound bed, and presence of infection parameters (Ousley, 2005). However, Waterlow (1996) in her work on pressure sore prevention established the use of SPSSS as the standard classification system to be implemented because she argues that specialists and researchers need to define pressure ulcers in greater depth whereas the other systems’ relative simplicity is regarded as weakne ss in lieu of its use on clinical audit.In this regard, the NPUAP and EPUAP guideline is considered useful because it provides evidence-based assessment as it is proven to be an effective and reliable tool in every healthcare setting. This will enable the healthcare team to improve the care required for pressure ulcer due to a common baseline assessment of the ulcer, thereby requiring a specified care management depending on its stage. Nurses can then devise a care plan based on ulcer grading, identify appropriate treatment, allocate care resources, implement the plan, and do continual evaluation of the care plan with its goal directed at wound healing.However, to achieve this level of patient assessment and care, every nurse should possess the necessary knowledge and skills which can be achieved through continuing education and trainings in pressure risk assessment and PrUs management, an interdisciplinary collaboration ( NICE, 2005). Nursing diagnosis identified is Impaired skin i ntegrity related to immobility and decreased sensory perception secondary to disease process (Heath, 2009). Nursing management employed were repositioning Mr.X every 2 hours avoiding positioning on pressure area (EPUAP and NPUAP, 2009) and taking weight off the mattress by placing a pillow or a folded blanket under entire length of the leg and not under the Achilles tendon to protect the knee as well (Waterlow, 1996; NPUAP and EPUAP, 2009, Langermo et al, 2008). There are marketed devices for heel protection but needs constant care giver assessment since these devices are found to not keep the heels off the bed better than pillows do (Tymec et al, 1997).Relieving the pressure off the heels is often all that is needed to recover the tissues in category I Heel PrUs (Langemo et al, 2008) and if offloaded continuously hastens recovery time (Black, 2005). Periods of frustration and depression are sporadically experienced by 40 % of stroke patients throughout the recovery process or as a new phase in the trajectory of a chronic illness and is often underdiagnosed (Barker, 2002).Ideally, a psychiatrist or a clinical psychologist diagnoses depression, but according to Intercollegiate stroke Working Party (2008) a healthcare professional with mental health training can diagnose using a clinical interview. It can also be suggested to use brief screening tools to identify patients at risk of depression such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond & Snaith, 1983) or the Geriatric Depression Scale GDS ( Yesavage et al, 1982) which are validated tools to assess mood in stroke populations (Williams et al, 2010). Amitryptiline HCl, a Tricyclic antidepressant (BNF, 2010) is prescribed for Mr.X, and is taken daily. Duncan (2005) sets the prevention of stroke recurrence as the highest priorities in stroke rehabilitation and is therefore the responsibility of the nurse to understand stroke risk factors and apply contemporary evidence based lifestyle changes after pr oper training (Lawrence et al, 2011). Barker (2002) reports that stroke survivors have 30% probability of recurring stroke within a year and 50% can suffer fatal strokes in 5 years. It could then be suggested that a Stroke Risk Screening Tool (Barker, 2002) be utilised to decrease risk of death and evaluate risk factors of Mr.X such as HPN which is managed at present with antihypertensives, DM managed with Insulin injections, Hypercholesterolemia managed with Antilipidemics, advancing age, obesity, and diet. Therefore, an important aspect of nursing care is health education whereby nurses promote lifestyle change and supportive behavioral approach towards long-term health modification. In conclusion, nurses’ role in the care of post-stroke patient is multi-faceted, one that requires interprofessional linkage and deep understanding of contemporary evidence based interventions to address issues.DH (2007) further suggests that post stroke patients and their carers should receive support from varying range of services made available locally. Most importantly, though nursing interventions are standardized as guidelines, it could be suggested that it may not be all applicable in every patient interaction and care should be individualized as needed (Landers & McCarthy, 2007). Therefore, it is of prime importance for nurses to understand that healthcare decisions are based from patient’s individual choices derived from rational decision-making and the objective and rofessional advice of every member of the therapeutic team. Reference List Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. (1992) Pressure ulcers in adults: prediction and prevention. 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(2006) Pressure relieving support surfaces: a randomized evaluation. Poster presented at the 9th European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Conference. Berlin, Germany. Landers, M. and Mc Carthy, G. (2007) Person-centred nursing practice with older people in Ireland. Nursing Science Quarterly. 20 (1), 78-84. Langemo, D. , Thompson, P. Hunter, S. , Hnason, D. , Anderson, J. (2008) Heel pressure ulcers:stand guard. Advances in Skin and Wound Care. 21 (6), 282-292. Lawr ence, M. , Fraser, H. , Woods, C. , and McCall, J. (2011) Secondary prevention of stroke and transient ischemic attack. Nursing Standard. 26 (9), 41-46. Maklebust, J and Magnan, MA (1994) Risk factors associated with having a pressure ulcer: a secondary data analysis. Advances in Skin and Wound Care. 7 (27), 31-34. Maklebust, J and Magnan, MA (2005) Preventing heel pressure ulcers in immobilized patients. Advances in Skin and Wound Care. 18 (1), 22 McCooey, R. , Worrall, L. , Toffoko,D. Code, C. , and Hickson, L. 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Employment status Essay

Background of the Study Decades have marked the beginning of a fast changing world. Fast growing economies have rapidly increased the number of students attending college in recent years. Now the pool of unemployment graduates is rising to worrying levels. Of particular concern is the difficulty in finding a job due to the increasing demands of employers, growing competence of job seekers and the growth of the number of qualified job applicants. According to many accounts, graduates are finding it difficult to secure a job and those who find work is often too confined to wage positions. In 2014, the annual employment rate was estimated at 93.2 percent and the annual unemployment rate falls from 7.3 percent 6.8 percent as more people were employed in the services and industry sectors. The annual rate was based on the results of the quarterly Labor Force Survey (LFS) conducted in January, April, July and October of the year 2014. Education plays an important role in determining employment status of an individual. It is one of the investments that need to be recovered in due time. Historically, those who have made this investment have received substantial economic benefit. Moreover, education is an important factor that contributes to nation’s growth. Tertiary education gain from universities and colleges especially has its paramount roles in developing the society. Universities and colleges nowadays offer many courses for students that may suit their specializations and skills as individuals. In the Philippines, one university in the Ilocos Region aims to produce graduates of any courses who are competitive locally and globally. The Pangasinan State University operates in nine campuses producing thousands of competent graduates, many of whom excelled in various fields such as agriculture, education, health, engineering and fisheries to name a few. In the field of health, one of the courses offered in Pangasinan State  University Lingayen Campus is the Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics program. The said course is designed to adequately equipped the students with the fundamental knowledge, attitudes and skills in food, nutrition, dietetics, management and allied fields in order to prepare them for entry level professional responsibilities in education, communication, food and nutrition, research, clinical dietetics, food service industries, wellness programs and public health/community nutrition. Moreover, the Nutrition and Dietetics education is responsive to Philippine society and takes into account its needs, resources and potentials. According to Bernal et.al in their research entitled â€Å"The Trend in the Employment Status of Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics Graduates S.Y. 2001-2010: A Basis for Curriculum Development†, there was a decline in the number of employed graduates for batches 2001 to 2002. However, the trend rose from batches 2002 to 2006. After which, the trend declined again for batches 2006 to 2008 and at its peak in 2010. The results also showed that the nature of employment of most BSND graduates were not related to their course and most of them were not hired on a permanent status. The present study entitled â€Å"Employment Status of Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics Graduates in Pangasinan State University, Lingayen Campus, S.Y 2010-2014† will provide feedback to the Nutrition and Dietetics and Livelihood Education Department regarding the performance of BS Nutrition and Dietetics graduates. Statement of the Problem This study will determine the employment status of the Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics graduates of Pangasinan State University, Lingayen Campus, Lingayen, Pangasinan from batches 2010-2014. Specifically, it will seek to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics graduates from the batches 2010-2014 in terms of the following: 1.1 Age; 1.2 Gender; 1.3 Civil status; 1.4 Year graduated; 1.5 Eligibility; and 1.6 Additional course(s) taken 2. What is the employment status of the BSND graduates 2.1Employed a.Type of employment b.Nature of employment c.Present monthly salary d.No. of month/ years before graduates were employed e.No. of institution/ agencies applied before finally employed 2.2 Self employed a. Kind of business b. Monthly income c. Year the business started 2.3 Unemployed a. No. of months/years of being unemployed 3. What are the problems encountered by BSND graduates in finding employment? 4. What recommendations can be proposed to help solve the problems of the BS ND graduates in terms of employment? Significance of the Study This study is significant to the following: Nutrition and Dietetics and Livelihood Education Department. This will help them determine the strength and weaknesses of the Nutrition and Dietetics program. It will also determine what specific areas should be focused in order to make the program more responsive towards the needs of the global market. For teachers, this will serve as a guide on how they will improve their skills, strategies and principles in teaching for more effective learning of the students. Incoming College Students. This study will help them decide on what course to take in college upon knowing the employment opportunities and status of the graduates of BS Nutrition and Dietetics. BS Nutrition and Dietetics Students. This will help them realize whether the knowledge and skills developed in the program would be useful to them in their future careers. It will also encourage them to appreciate and pursue the course that they ventured. Graduates of BS Nutrition and Dietetics. This  will provide them insights about the status of the employment of graduates of BS Nutrition and Dietetics. It will also inspire them to make initiatives on how to further enrich their knowledge and skills in the field to make them competitive in the global market. Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study will focus on the employment status of BS Nutrition and Dietetics graduates of Pangasinan State University, Lingayen Campus from batches 2010-2014. The respondents of the study will be limited to the BS Nutrition and Dietetics graduates of Pangasinan State University, Lingayen Campus of the years 2010-2014. It will not include the graduates from the other years and other universities and colleges offering the same program. Definitions of Terms To make the study more comprehensive, the following terms are hereby defined. Age. The amount of time during which a thing has existed  Bachelors Degree. Rank given by a college or university to one who has completed a prescribed course in the arts or sciences. Bachelor of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics. A four year course offered at Pangasinan State University, Lingayen Campus, Lingayen, Pangasinan. Civil Status. Refers to the standing and condition of the respondent’s whether single, married, separated, widowed or divorced. Eligibility. .It refers to whether the BSND graduates are board passers or not. Employment Status. Refers to the standing or condition of the graduates of BSND with regards to their employment. It includes whether they are employed, self-employed and unemployed. Employed. Refers to the graduates doing job for which they are paid a fixed wage or salary as means of livelihood. Self-Employed. One who make use of his skill to earn a living without aid of an employment. Unemployed. Refers to an individual who finished a Bachelor Degree of any of the private or public institutions and who has no permanent or stable job. Franchise. It is a business system in which private entrepreneurs purchase the rights to open and run a location of a larger company. Gender. Is the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity. Graduates. A holder of an academic degree or diploma. Limited liability. It is where a person’s financial liability is limited to a fix sum, most commonly the value of a person’s investment in a company or partnership. Nature of Appointment. It refers to an individual who is employed whether they are permanent, temporary and casual. Casual. It is the nature of appointment of position wherein the worker is only given 1-6 months working duration. Permanent. It is the nature of appointment of position wherein the worker or employee has security of tenure. This applies to private or public office or school Temporary. It is the nature of appointment of position wherein the worker is given longer working duration but not yet a permanent appointment. Nature of Employment. This refers to the nature of employment of the graduates whether it is course related job or not course related. Course-Related. This refers to the jobs that are related to the finished degree course of the graduates. Not Course-Related. This refers to the jobs that are not related to the finished degree course of the graduates. Partnership. It is a single business where two or more people share ownership. Personal Profile. This pertains to age, gender and civil status of the graduates. Problem. It is any difficulties encountered in applying for an employment of BSND graduates. Pre-testing. It is the administration of data collection instrument with a small set of respondents to identify problems and to find possible solutions before the actual administration of data collection instrument with the actual total number of respondents. Unemployment Rate. It is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force. Salary. It refers to the monetary taken from the respondents from their work or their living. High Income. It is the salary income above thirty thousand pesos. Low Income. It is the salary income below fifteen thousand pesos. Middle Income. It is the salary income between fifteen thousand pesos and thirty thousand pesos. Slovin’s formula. It allows a researcher to sample the population with a desired degree of accuracy. It gives the researcher an idea of how large his sample size needs to be to ensure a reasonable accuracy of results. Sole-proprietorship. It is a type of business entity that is owned and run by one natural person and in which there is no legal distinction between the owner and the business. Stratified random sampling. A method of sampling that involves the division of a  population into smaller groups known as strata. In stratified random sampling, the strata are formed based on members’ shared attributes or characteristics. A random sample from each stratum is taken in a number proportional to the stratum’s size when compared to the population. These subsets of the strata are then pooled to form a random sample.