An Introduction to Iambic Pentameter

An Introduction to Iambic Pentameter When we speak of the meter of a poem, we are referring to its overall rhythm, or, more specifically, the syllables and words used to create that rhythm. One of the most interesting in literature is iambic pentameter, which  Shakespeare nearly always used when writing in verse. Most of his plays were also written in iambic pentameter, except for lower-class characters, who speak in prose. Iamb What Iamb In order to understand iambic pentameter, we must first understand what an iamb is. Simply, put an iamb (or iambus) is a unit of stressed and unstressed syllables that are used in a line of poetry. Sometimes called an iambic foot, this unit can be a single word of two syllables or two words of one syllable each. For instance, the word airplane is one unit, with air as the stressed syllable and plane as the unstressed. Likewise, the phrase the dog is one unit, with the as the unstressed syllable and dog as the stressed.   Putting the Feet Together Iambic pentameter refers to the number of total syllables in a line of poetry- in this case, 10, composed of five pairs of alternating unstressed and stressed syllables. So the rhythm ends up sounding like this: ba-BUM / ba-BUM / ba-BUM / ba-BUM / ba-BUM Most of Shakespeare’s famous lines fit into this rhythm. For example: If mu- / -sic be / the food / of love, / play on(Twelfth Night) But, soft! / What light / through yon- / -der win- / -dow breaks?(Romeo and Juliet) Rhythmic Variations In his plays, Shakespeare didn’t always stick to ten syllables. He often played around with iambic meter  to give color and feeling to his character’s speeches. This is the key to understanding Shakespeares language. For instance, he sometimes added an extra unstressed beat at the end of a line to emphasize a characters mood. This variation is called a feminine ending, and  this famous question is the perfect example: To be, / or not / to be: / that is / the ques- / -tion(Hamlet) Inversion Shakespeare also reverses the order of the stresses in some iambi to help emphasize certain words or ideas. If you look closely at the fourth iambus in the quote from Hamlet above, you can see how he has placed an emphasis on the word â€Å"that† by inverting the stresses. Occasionally, Shakespeare will completely break the rules and place two stressed syllables in the same iambus, as the following quotation demonstrates: Now is / the win- / -ter of / our dis- / content(Richard III) In this example, the fourth iambus emphasizes that it is â€Å"our discontent,† and the first iambus emphasizes that we are feeling this â€Å"now.† Why Is Iambic Pentameter Important? Shakespeare will always feature prominently in any discussion of iambic pentameter because he used the form with great dexterity, especially in his sonnets, but he did not invent it. Rather, it is a standard literary convention that has been used by many writers before and after Shakespeare. Historians are not sure how the speeches were read aloud- whether delivered naturally or with an emphasis on the stressed words. This is unimportant. What really matters is that the study of iambic pentameter gives us a glimpse into the inner workings of Shakespeare’s writing process, and marks him as a master of rhythm to evoke specific emotions, from dramatic to humorous.

Comparative Advantage Essays

Comparative Advantage Essays Comparative Advantage Essay Comparative Advantage Essay I have chosen the Comparative Advantage Theory for my key term to discuss. I chose this term because it has a great importance on world trade clearly help shape the pattern of world trade, and also to get a better understanding of the concept. Comparative Advantage is the benefit or advantage of an economy to be able to produce a commodity at a lesser opportunity cost. According to Stalemate (2009), opportunity cost is the value of what had to be given up, or forgone, to consume or achieve the object. This term simply meaner, countries should specialize in a certain lass of products for export, but import the rest of product even if the country holds an absolute advantage in all products. The scholarly article I chose this week to discuss is, State should target sectors where the country industry has a comparative advantage written by T. T Ram Moan. The article talks about Justine Hussy Lines book titled The Quest for Prosperity. The book attempts to give solutions to the world financial crisis. In the article he talks about Lines distinguishes between advanced nations and developing ones in the short-run, and how money stimulus ill be effective for developing nations and not advanced nations, and also discuses Lines perspectives for Long-term growth. According to the article, government must identify the right growth sectors and support investment in those sectors, because it will lead to the overall growth in that economy. A key example is what Singapore did in the sasss when they focused on specialty chemicals that resulted in drawing developed nations into their economy (Moan, 2012). This seems pretty easy but has failed in many nations because it is hard to sometimes identify the sectors that truly eve Comparative Advantage in an economy. The theory encourages nations to engage in true free trade and to specialize in areas where they can be very effective and efficient at lower cost, instead of looking to bolster weak industries from foreign competition by imposing protective tariffs that otherwise stifle the production that leads to overall gains in wealth. Even though this theory has a huge advantage on global trade, it does have its flaws, which includes the following: It may overstate the benefits of specialization by ignoring certain costs. These costs include transport costs and any external costs associated with trade, such as air and sea pollution. Also it does not take into account relative prices and exchange rates, and also assumes perfect mobility of factors without any diminishing returns. Furthermore, complete specialization might create structural unemployment as some workers cannot transfer from one sector to another.